[ICDE Report] Varieties of Tech Worker Cooperatives: Typologies, Theory, and Policy Implications

Cite this Report:

Ivanovski, Stefan. 2025. “Varieties of Tech Worker Cooperatives: Typologies, Theory and Policy Implications” Institute for the Cooperative Economy. New York City.

Stefan Ivanovski’s report for the Institute for the Cooperative Digital Economy (ICDE) offers a comprehensive typology of tech worker cooperatives, aiming to understand how these democratic enterprises can improve job quality through increased worker autonomy. Drawing from institutional and self-determination theories, the report identifies four core dimensions—legal status, employment relations, business operations, and ideological orientation—that shape the diversity of tech worker co-ops. The report emphasizes the importance of tailored policy frameworks and cooperative support systems, especially as these models evolve across different national contexts. Ultimately, Ivanovski portrays tech worker co-ops as key contributors to the reimagining of work, ownership, and governance in the digital economy.

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About Stefan Ivanovski